RFC 9330 - Low Latency, Low Loss, and Scalable Throughput (L4S) Internet Service: Architecture

One-liner

RFC 9330 presents the L4S architecture for enabling low latency, low loss, and scalable throughput across the Internet without negatively impacting existing Classic network traffic.

Synopsis

Overview and Purpose

The L4S architecture proposes strategies and protocols to achieve low queuing latency, low congestion loss, and scalable throughput control in Internet applications. The focus is on addressing queuing delay issues at the root—within the congestion control algorithms hosts use—rather than solely relying on queues at network bottlenecks.

Design Philosophy and Approach

L4S emphasizes that low latency results from the sender's congestion control behavior, not the network queue. To achieve its goals, L4S isolates traffic using a two-queue system that separates 'Scalable' congestion control traffic from 'Classic' traffic while simultaneously employing a new version of ECN for fine-grained congestion signaling.

Deployment Strategy

The incremental deployment nature of L4S means that its benefits can begin to be realized with changes at the bottleneck link within an access network, facilitating a gradual and widespread adoption.

Key quotes

  1. "These are aided by a modified form of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) from the network."
  2. "The aim is for L4S latency and throughput to be usually much better (and rarely worse) while typically not impacting Classic performance."
  3. "The architecture primarily concerns incremental deployment."

Make it stick

  1. L4S = Low Latency, Low Loss, Scalable Throughput
  2. Dual-Queue system: one for Classic traffic, one for Scalable congestion control traffic
  3. The ECN protocol in L4S allows for fine-grained, immediate congestion signaling

Talking points

  1. Did you know that the L4S architecture aims to solve internet latency issues at the source rather than within the network?
  2. L4S manages to not only improve latency and throughput but also coexists with classic network traffic without degrading its performance.
  3. Interestingly, L4S can work fully even if deployed only at bottleneck points in access networks, making its widespread implementation more manageable
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